# Typography

This skill sets and reviews how text renders, from the type scale and spacing to font loading, wrapping and punctuation. It writes every fix in the project's styling system, and the [cheat sheet](css-cheat-sheet.md) maps each declaration to its Tailwind utility.

The words belong to `better-writing`, semantic heading structure to `better-accessibility` and spatial RTL layout to `better-layout`. Measure contrast with `better-colors`; whether it passes is `better-accessibility`'s.

## Measured, not preferred

Some values here are exact. Unitless line-height, weight `400` or heavier below `18px`, a 60–75 character measure, `16px` inputs on iOS and `tabular-nums` on changing values are findings when missed.

Letter-spacing, pairing and scale ratios are heuristics. Report them only where they break the project's own scale. Never propose a new typeface, paid or free, unless the task asks for a type change.

## Fewer fonts, sizes and weights

Rarely use more than three fonts; marketing pages can carry more than apps. Weight and size carry hierarchy, so each extra one dilutes it. Pair for contrast. A serif headline over a sans body reads as deliberate, two near-identical sans-serifs read as a mistake.

Below `18px`, use weight `400` or heavier. Weights `100`–`300` belong at `28px` and up, checked against the background even there. Categories, `Display` and `Text` cuts, formats and fallback stacks are in [choosing-fonts.md](choosing-fonts.md).

## Load the faces the design uses

Browsers synthesize a weight or style the family doesn't ship, distorting the face. Load every face the design uses. Disable synthesis only after verifying the fallback stack, and only the unwanted mode. The [synthesis longhands](variable-fonts-and-opentype.md#disable-synthesis-narrowly) show how.

## Properties over raw tags

When a CSS property exists, use it. `font-weight: 650`, not `font-variation-settings: "wght" 650`. `font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums`, not `font-feature-settings: "tnum" 1`. Properties keep working when a non-variable fallback renders.

Leave `font-optical-sizing` at its default `auto`. Hard-code `"opsz"` only when the design deliberately decouples optical size from font size. Reserve raw tags for custom axes like `"GRAD" 80` and features with no property, like `"ss01" 1`. Axes, features and variable versus static files are in [variable-fonts-and-opentype.md](variable-fonts-and-opentype.md).

## Use a type scale with semantic names

Define a small set of sizes and deviate from it as little as possible. Pair each size with its line-height and weight, so a role is one decision instead of three.

Solo, default names like `text-sm` are fine when the usage rules are clear. On a team, name sizes by use (`text-body-sm`) so the rules survive other people. A [role-based starting scale](spacing-and-sizing.md#type-scale) is in the reference.

## Heading sizes descend with level

Map heading levels to descending steps of the scale, so a subordinate heading never overpowers its parent. Deep levels may share a size where the scale runs out of steps, as long as weight or letter-spacing keeps them distinct. A heading is never smaller than body text unless it is a deliberate overline. See the [level mapping](spacing-and-sizing.md#heading-hierarchy).

## Line-height by role

Display text `1.1`, headings `1.2`–`1.3`, body copy `1.5`–`1.6`. Use unitless values so line-height scales with the font size; a fixed `24px` does not.

Tight line-height is for short text. Anything that wraps to three or more lines needs at least `1.4`, even in a height-constrained row. See the [card description example](spacing-and-sizing.md#line-height-for-wrapping-text).

## Letter-spacing by size

Headings at `24px` and up take `-0.01em` to `-0.02em`. Uppercase labels at `14px` or smaller take `0.05em`. Body copy stays at `0`. Use `em` so tracking scales with the size.

Kerning is built into the font and on by default. `font-kerning: none` is never a fix.

## Cap the measure

Cap long-form text at 60–75 characters per line. Any unit works, as long as a cap exists and the line length lands in range. See [unit choices and the pixel equivalents](wrapping-and-punctuation.md#measure-line-length).

## Wrap deliberately

- `text-wrap: balance` evens out headings and short descriptions. Never on paragraphs, and Chromium ignores it past six lines.
- `text-wrap: pretty` keeps a lone word off the last line. Safe on any paragraph, long-form included.
- `overflow-wrap: break-word` where a long word, link or ID could escape the container.
- `white-space: nowrap` on labels and badges where a line break looks broken.

Keep interface text at `text-align: start`. `justify` belongs only in specific editorial layouts.

## Tabular numbers on changing values

Apply `font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums` to timers, counters, prices and numeric table columns, so every digit keeps one width and nothing shifts. Leave figures in prose proportional.

## Truncate with a way b

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