# Layout

This skill sets grouping, alignment, spacing and responsive structure. It then stress-tests that structure by resizing it, translating it and mirroring it for RTL.

Write every fix in the project's styling system. The numbers below apply only where the project has no spacing scale or density system; otherwise use its tokens. A finding needs a failure you can show, such as a clip, an overlap, a broken mirror or a misread group. A value that differs from these starting points is not one.

Hit areas and focus behavior belong to `better-accessibility`. Radius, shadows and animation belong to `better-ui`. Line length, text spacing and truncation mechanics belong to `better-typography`. The words themselves belong to `better-writing`.

## Group with space, not lines

Space groups first, background shapes second, separator lines last and only where space alone can't carry the structure. The gap between groups is at least 2× the gap within one, so `8px` inside a group means `16px` or more between groups. Recipes are in [grouping-and-alignment.md](grouping-and-alignment.md#group-with-space-not-lines).

## Keep controls distinct from content

Give every interactive element a background shape, a border, an underline or a consistent placement zone such as a toolbar. A control styled like the static text beside it does not read as a control. See [grouping-and-alignment.md](grouping-and-alignment.md#keep-controls-distinct-from-content).

## Align to shared edges

Pick a small set of alignment edges and put everything on them. Use one project spacing step per level of nesting, where `16px` is a useful default. See [grouping-and-alignment.md](grouping-and-alignment.md#align-to-shared-edges).

## Logical properties for anything that mirrors

Write direction-dependent layout as leading and trailing: `margin-inline-start`, `padding-inline-end`, `inset-inline-start`, `text-align: start`. Reserve physical left and right for physical geometry such as safe-area insets. The mapping table and the RTL progression rules are in [grouping-and-alignment.md](grouping-and-alignment.md#logical-properties-for-anything-that-mirrors).

## Order by importance

The most important content sits near the top and the leading edge. Within a row, identifying content leads and metadata and actions trail. Visual order matches DOM order, so never move content out of source sequence with `order`, `row-reverse` or grid placement. See [grouping-and-alignment.md](grouping-and-alignment.md#order-by-importance).

## One primary action per view

Give each view one primary action. Put secondary actions behind a menu once there are more than 3. Prefer a short view that links deeper over one long view that shows everything at the top level. `better-colors` owns how color marks the primary action.

## Hint at hidden content

Every piece of off-screen or collapsed content needs a visible cue. Use the project's established cue, let the next item peek `16–32px` past the scroll edge or show a disclosure control.

A truncated value the user needs has a way to the full text: an expand control, a detail view or a tooltip that is also keyboard-reachable. Truncation mechanics are `better-typography`'s. Recipes are in [spacing-and-adaptivity.md](spacing-and-adaptivity.md#hint-at-hidden-content).

## Borderless controls need more clearance

Without an established density system, start with `12px` between adjacent bordered or filled controls. Leave `24px` between the visible glyphs of borderless text and icon controls, counting each button's own padding. Compact layouts may use less, as long as hit areas never overlap and the controls stay distinct. See [spacing-and-adaptivity.md](spacing-and-adaptivity.md#borderless-controls-need-more-clearance).

## Inset buttons from the edges

In content layouts, keep full-width buttons inside the layout margins, starting near `16px` inline on mobile. Edge-to-edge actions work when they follow established platform chrome, account for safe areas and stay distinguishable from system UI. See [spacing-and-adaptivity.md](spacing-and-adaptivity.md#inset-buttons-from-the-edges).

## Content bleeds, controls float

Backgrounds and media extend to the viewport edges. Controls and text stay inside the layout margins and safe areas. `env(safe-area-inset-*)` is non-zero only when the viewport meta includes `viewport-fit=cover`.

Content scrolls beneath sticky chrome. Set `scroll-padding-block-start` to the sticky header's height, so anchored targets and focused elements never land under it. See [spacing-and-adaptivity.md](spacing-and-adaptivity.md#content-bleeds-controls-float).

## Hold structure until it breaks

Breakpoints come from the content, not device presets. Keep the expanded layout until it stops fitting, then collapse. Prefer container queries for component-level adaptation, and test the smallest and largest supported sizes first. See [spacing-and-adaptivity.md](spacing-and-adaptivity.md#hold-structure-until-it-breaks).

## Plan

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